Young baritone sensation Bing Crosby recorded a version on August 19, 1931, and by the following year, over two dozen bands had recorded "Stardust." It was then covered by almost every prominent band of that era, and the Artie Shaw version of 1941, with memorable solos by Billy Butterfield (trumpet) and Jack Jenney (trombone) is likely the favorite Big Band version. Isham Jones's recording became the first of many hit versions of the tune. There have been many interpretations of the standard over the decades, both as a jazz instrumental and as a popular song. Popular music historian Will Friedwald, in his book "Stardust Melodies: The Biography of Twelve of America's Most Popular Songs," states that "the correct title is given as two words, 'Star Dust'". Carmichael also refers to the song as "Stardust" in his memoir "The Stardust Road" while relating his version of the story of its composition. Yarling of the Sears & Roebuck Company's Radio and Publicity Dept. Carmichael referred to his song as "Stardust" in a 1936 letter to M.B. The first recording of the song (Gennett 78, 6311-B.), which was made by Hoagy Carmichael in 1927 prior to the writing of the song's lyrics, was titled "STARDUST". The original sheet music publication of "Stardust" was published under the title "Star Dust" by Mills Music with a copyright date of 1929. The verse and chorus have the same final cadence, though other than that they are musically distinct. While the verse is often omitted in recordings, Frank Sinatra made a recording in 1961 of just the verse (see below). "Stardust" is a 32-bar melody with a slightly unusual ABAC structure, preceded by a 16-bar verse. A slower version had been recorded in October 1928, but the real transformation came on May 16, 1930, when bandleader Isham Jones recorded it as a sentimental ballad. Mitchell Parish wrote lyrics for the song, based on his own and Carmichael's ideas, which were published in 1929. (The Redman arrangement was issued on OKeh as by The Chocolate Dandies, but was in reality the moonlighting McKinney's Cotton Pickers who were exclusive Victor recording artists.) The tune at first attracted only moderate attention, mostly from fellow musicians, a few of whom (including Don Redman) recorded their own versions of Carmichael's tune. Carmichael said he was inspired by the types of improvisations made by Bix Beiderbecke. "Stardust" was first recorded in Richmond, Indiana, for Gennett Records (Gennett 6311) by Carmichael, with Emil Seidel and his Orchestra and the Dorsey brothers as "Hoagy Carmichael and His Pals," on October 31, 1927, as a peppy (but mid-tempo) jazz instrumental. He worked to refine the melody over the course of the next several months, likely in Bloomington or Indianapolis (sources cite various locations, and Carmichael himself liked to embellish the facts about the song's origins). He began whistling the tune, then rushed to the Book Nook, a popular student hangout, and started composing. According to Carmichael, the inspiration for "Stardust" (the song's original title was "Star Dust", which has long been compounded into "Stardust") came to him while he was on the campus of his alma mater, Indiana University, in Bloomington, Indiana.
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